Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) is a set of attributes that enhance the accessibility of web content and applications for users who rely on assistive technologies. When used correctly, ARIA can improve the experience for individuals with disabilities by providing additional context and functionality that might not be available through native HTML alone. However, improper use of ARIA can create more barriers than it removes, making it essential to apply it correctly.
Understand When to Use ARIA
ARIA should be used to enhance accessibility when native HTML elements do not provide sufficient functionality. For example, if an interactive component lacks built-in accessibility features, ARIA roles, properties, and states can be used to communicate its purpose to assistive technologies. However, it’s always best to use semantic HTML first, as native elements are inherently more accessible.
Use ARIA Roles Appropriately
ARIA roles define the purpose of an element and how it should be interpreted by screen readers. Some commonly used roles include:
- role=”button”: Used when an element functions as a button but is not a native
<button>. - role=”alert”: Communicates important, time-sensitive information.
- role=”navigation”: Identifies a group of navigation links.
Avoid assigning ARIA roles to elements that already have a native semantic equivalent, as this can cause confusion for assistive technologies.
Implement ARIA States and Properties
ARIA states and properties provide dynamic information about an element’s behavior or status. Some key attributes include:
- aria-hidden=”true”: Hides elements from screen readers when they are not relevant.
- aria-expanded=”true”/”false”: Indicates whether a collapsible section is open or closed.
- aria-live=”polite”: Announces content changes in a way that does not disrupt user interaction.
These attributes should be updated dynamically as the state of the UI changes to ensure users receive accurate information.
Avoid Overusing ARIA
Using ARIA incorrectly can make a website more difficult to navigate. For instance, adding unnecessary ARIA roles to elements that already have built-in accessibility can lead to conflicting information. Stick to native HTML where possible and only apply ARIA when necessary.
Test ARIA Implementations
Regular testing is crucial to ensure ARIA is working as intended. Use screen readers such as NVDA (Windows), VoiceOver (Mac), or JAWS (Windows) to verify that roles, states, and properties are correctly conveyed. Automated accessibility tools like Axe and WAVE can also help detect ARIA-related issues.
To sum up
ARIA is a powerful tool for improving web accessibility, but it must be used thoughtfully. Prioritize semantic HTML, apply ARIA roles and attributes only when needed, and test thoroughly to ensure a positive user experience. By following best practices, developers can create inclusive digital experiences that accommodate all users, including those with disabilities.